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Hormone released by the pineal gland in response to darkness that signals circadian phase to the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus; low-dose supplementation can shorten time to fall asleep and ease jet lag.
Circadian disruption from rapid travel across time zones. Affects sleep, digestion, and cognition.
Also known as: N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
Every published result for this pair, extracted and audited.
These charts group published studies by what they reported and how they were run — green marks studies that reported a benefit for this pairing. Tiers run from pooled analyses of many trials (strongest) to one-off observational reports.
Direction of reported outcomes for Melatonin in jet lag.
Study designs behind these findings.
Every measured outcome, one row per finding - numbers exactly as reported.
| Study | Design | n | Duration | Outcome measured | Reported result | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PMID 12076414 2002 | Systematic review | - | - | Dose-response of melatonin above 5mg versus 0.5-5mg | reported qualitatively | No benefit |
| PMID 12076414 2002 | Systematic review | - | - | Jet lag symptoms after crossing five or more time zones | 2 NNT | Benefit |
| PMID 11279722 2001 | Systematic review | - | - | Dose-response of melatonin above 5mg versus 0.5-5mg | reported qualitatively | No benefit |
| PMID 11279722 2001 | Systematic review | - | - | Jet lag symptoms after crossing five or more time zones | 2 NNT | Benefit |
| PMID 26731279 2015 | Meta-analysis | 11 | - | adverse effects | reported qualitatively | Unclear |
| PMID 26731279 2015 | Meta-analysis | 11 | - | symptoms associated with jet lag syndrome | reported qualitatively | Benefit |
| PMID 21069516 2011 | Randomised trial | 11 | - | Circadian phase advance with combined treatment | 1.04 h (p<0.0002) | Benefit |
| PMID 21069516 2011 | Randomised trial | 11 | - | Circadian phase advance with light | 0.31 h | No benefit |
| PMID 21069516 2011 | Randomised trial | 11 | - | Circadian phase advance with melatonin | 0.72 h (p<0.005) | Benefit |
Hand-selected PubMed studies, linked to the originals.
Ordered by strength of evidence, then result direction.
01Dysregulation of melatonin rhythm in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysisSuram RP, et al. · Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025PMID 41143249 ↗02Sleep disturbances and female infertility: a systematic reviewLi J, et al. · BMC women's health · 2024PMID 39707272 ↗03Clinical efficacy and safety of melatonin supplementation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic reviewMorsali S, et al. · Inflammopharmacology · 2023PMID 37429996 ↗04Blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adultsSingh S, et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023PMID 37593770 ↗05Be the first to share what you noticed with Melatonin for jet lag. How we calculate this.