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NMN / NR (NAD+ precursors)

Also known as NMN, Nicotinamide mononucleotide, NR, Nicotinamide riboside

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are forms of vitamin B3 that the body turns into NAD+. The biochemical effect is proven: oral doses reliably raise blood NAD+. Clinical benefit in humans is not. Meta-analyses of randomised trials find no improvement in blood sugar, insulin, cholesterol, muscle mass or strength, and only a small diastolic blood-pressure signal so far.

What trials found, in numbers

Summaries of published trial results for this compound, grouped by condition. In these tables every number is exactly as the researchers published it. The headline figures above show a simple average where several studies measured the same thing in the same unit, and say so; nothing else is calculated or converted.

How to read this table

Benefit: What the trial saw happen: whether the measured outcome moved in the helpful direction in that one study (the tag on each row: “Benefit seen”, “No clear benefit”, “Possible harm” or “Unclear”). It is a study result — not advice, and not a promise it will work for you.
Evidence: How strong the research behind that result is. A meta-analysis pools many studies (strongest); a systematic review collates them; an RCT tests against a control (placebo); observational studies only watch — they can suggest, not prove.
Effect size: How large the measured change was, exactly as the researchers published it. “No number reported” means the abstract gave no effect size — we never invent one.

In short: benefit is what was observed; evidence is how much you should trust the observation. A “Benefit seen” tag on a weak study counts for far less than the same tag on a meta-analysis.

Blood Sugar (21 outcomes)

Outcome measured	What trials found	Effect size	People studied	Duration	Type of evidence	Study
fasting glucose	Nicotinamide mononucleotide did not significantly improve fasting glucose with no comparator reported in 342 (14 days to 12 weeks).No clear benefit	no number reported	342	14 days to 12 weeks	Meta-analysis · 2024	PMID 39531138
fasting insulin	Nicotinamide mononucleotide did not significantly improve fasting insulin with no comparator reported in 342 (14 days to 12 weeks).No clear benefit	no number reported	342	14 days to 12 weeks	Meta-analysis · 2024	PMID 39531138
glycated hemoglobin	Nicotinamide mononucleotide did not significantly improve glycated hemoglobin with no comparator reported in 342 (14 days to 12 weeks).No clear benefit	no number reported	342	14 days to 12 weeks	Meta-analysis · 2024	PMID 39531138
homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance	Nicotinamide mononucleotide did not significantly improve homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance with no comparator reported in 342 (14 days to 12 weeks).No clear benefit	no number reported	342	14 days to 12 weeks	Meta-analysis · 2024	PMID 39531138
lipid profile	Nicotinamide mononucleotide did not significantly improve lipid profile with no comparator reported in 342 (14 days to 12 weeks).No clear benefit	no number reported	342	14 days to 12 weeks	Meta-analysis · 2024	PMID 39531138
blood NAD levels	NMN supplementation improved blood NAD levels with no comparator reported in 513.Benefit seen	no number reported	513	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 39116016
fasting glucose	NMN supplementation did not significantly improve fasting glucose with no comparator reported; the difference versus the comparator was not statistically established in 513.No clear benefit	no number reported	513	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 39116016
HDL-C	NMN supplementation did not significantly improve HDL-C with no comparator reported; the difference versus the comparator was not statistically established in 513.No clear benefit	no number reported	513	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 39116016
LDL-C	NMN supplementation did not significantly improve LDL-C with no comparator reported; the difference versus the comparator was not statistically established in 513.No clear benefit	no number reported	513	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 39116016
total cholesterol	NMN supplementation did not significantly improve total cholesterol with no comparator reported; the difference versus the comparator was not statistically established in 513.No clear benefit	no number reported	513	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 39116016
triglycerides	NMN supplementation did not significantly improve triglycerides with no comparator reported; the difference versus the comparator was not statistically established in 513.No clear benefit	no number reported	513	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 39116016
Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp)	Nicotinamide mononucleotide improved Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) compared with placebo (10-week).Benefit seen	no number reported	—	10-week	RCT · 2021	PMID 33888596
Skeletal muscle insulin signaling (phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR)	Nicotinamide mononucleotide improved Skeletal muscle insulin signaling (phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR) compared with placebo (10-week).Benefit seen	no number reported	—	10-week	RCT · 2021	PMID 33888596
Body composition	Nicotinamide riboside (1000 mg twice daily) did not significantly improve Body composition compared with placebo in 40 (12 wk).No clear benefit	no number reported	40	12 wk	RCT · 2018	PMID 29992272
Endogenous glucose production	Nicotinamide riboside (1000 mg twice daily) did not significantly improve Endogenous glucose production compared with placebo in 40 (12 wk).No clear benefit	no number reported	40	12 wk	RCT · 2018	PMID 29992272
Glucose disposal and oxidation	Nicotinamide riboside (1000 mg twice daily) did not significantly improve Glucose disposal and oxidation compared with placebo in 40 (12 wk).No clear benefit	no number reported	40	12 wk	RCT · 2018	PMID 29992272
Insulin sensitivity	Nicotinamide riboside (1000 mg twice daily) did not significantly improve Insulin sensitivity compared with placebo in 40 (12 wk).No clear benefit	no number reported	40	12 wk	RCT · 2018	PMID 29992272
Intrahepatic lipid content	Nicotinamide riboside (1000 mg twice daily) did not significantly improve Intrahepatic lipid content compared with placebo in 40 (12 wk).No clear benefit	no number reported	40	12 wk	RCT · 2018	PMID 29992272
Lipolysis	Nicotinamide riboside (1000 mg twice daily) did not significantly improve Lipolysis compared with placebo in 40 (12 wk).No clear benefit	no number reported	40	12 wk	RCT · 2018	PMID 29992272
Oxidation of lipids	Nicotinamide riboside (1000 mg twice daily) did not significantly improve Oxidation of lipids compared with placebo in 40 (12 wk).No clear benefit	no number reported	40	12 wk	RCT · 2018	PMID 29992272
Resting energy expenditure	Nicotinamide riboside (1000 mg twice daily) did not significantly improve Resting energy expenditure compared with placebo in 40 (12 wk).No clear benefit	no number reported	40	12 wk	RCT · 2018	PMID 29992272

Endurance (4 outcomes)

Outcome measured	What trials found	Effect size	People studied	Duration	Type of evidence	Study
oxygen uptake (VO2)	Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improved oxygen uptake (VO2) compared with placebo in 48 (six-week).Benefit seen	no number reported	48	six-week	RCT · 2021	PMID 34238308
percentages of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max)	Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improved percentages of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) compared with placebo in 48 (six-week).Benefit seen	no number reported	48	six-week	RCT · 2021	PMID 34238308
power at first ventilatory threshold	Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improved power at first ventilatory threshold compared with placebo in 48 (six-week).Benefit seen	no number reported	48	six-week	RCT · 2021	PMID 34238308
power at second ventilatory threshold	Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improved power at second ventilatory threshold compared with placebo in 48 (six-week).Benefit seen	no number reported	48	six-week	RCT · 2021	PMID 34238308

Heart Health (7 outcomes)

Outcome measured	What trials found	Effect size	People studied	Duration	Type of evidence	Study
resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP)	Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation improved resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (-2.15 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.68 to -0.61 mmHg) compared with placebo in 349. (95% CI: -3.68 to -0.61)Benefit seen	-2.15 mmHg	349	—	Systematic review · 2026	PMID 41901064
resting systolic blood pressure (SBP)	Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation did not significantly improve resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with placebo in 349.No clear benefit	no number reported	349	—	Systematic review · 2026	PMID 41901064
resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) in participants aged 60 years and older	Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation improved resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) in participants aged 60 years and older (-3.94 mmHg; 95% CI: -7.06 to -0.82 mmHg) compared with placebo. (95% CI: -7.06 to -0.82)Benefit seen	-3.94 mmHg	—	—	Systematic review · 2026	PMID 41901064
6-min walk distance, NR alone vs placebo (6 months)	Nicotinamide riboside improved 6-min walk distance, NR alone vs placebo (6 months) (+17.6 meters; 90% CI: +1.8,+∞) compared with placebo in 90 (6-months). (90% CI: +1.8,+∞)Benefit seen	+17.6 meters	90	6-months	RCT · 2024	PMID 38871717
6-min walk distance, NR alone vs placebo, participants taking at least 75% of pills	Nicotinamide riboside improved 6-min walk distance, NR alone vs placebo, participants taking at least 75% of pills (31.0 meters) compared with placebo in 90 (6-months).

Strength (11 outcomes)

Outcome measured	What trials found	Effect size	People studied	Duration	Type of evidence	Study
5-time chair stand test (5CST)	NMN did not significantly improve 5-time chair stand test (5CST) (-0.21; -0.70 - 0.29; p = 0.41) compared with placebo. (p = 0.41)No clear benefit	-0.21	—	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 40275690
Gait speed	NMN did not significantly improve Gait speed (-0.01; -0.08 - 0.06; p = 0.79) compared with placebo. (p = 0.79)No clear benefit	-0.01	—	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 40275690
Handgrip strength (left)	NMN did not significantly improve Handgrip strength (left) (0.61; -0.89 - 2.10; p = 0.42) compared with placebo. (p = 0.42)No clear benefit	0.61	—	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 40275690
Handgrip strength (right)	NMN did not significantly improve Handgrip strength (right) (0.45; -1.06 - 1.96; p = 0.56) compared with placebo. (p = 0.56)No clear benefit	0.45	—	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 40275690
Skeletal muscle index (SMI)	NMN did not significantly improve Skeletal muscle index (SMI) (-0.42; -0.99 - 0.14; p = 0.14) compared with placebo. (p = 0.14)No clear benefit	-0.42	—	—	Systematic review · 2025	PMID 40275690

Important: This page reflects observational, aggregate-only community reporting and independent published research. It is not medical advice, and it does not claim any compound treats, cures, or is effective for any condition. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or treatment.

Understand what people are taking.

NMN / NR (NAD+ precursors)

What the research actually shows

The headline results, condition by condition

Blood Sugar Control

Why people look into NMN / NR (NAD+ precursors) — and what they report

Where to get NMN / NR (NAD+ precursors) (UK)

Heart Health

Strength

Endurance

Where the evidence is concentrated

Suggested uses (unproven)

Where the evidence is negative

What trials found, in numbers