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Live microorganisms, commonly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, that colonise the gut and influence digestion and immune signalling via short-chain fatty acid production; effects are strain- and dose-specific.
Frequent illness, weak immune response, slow recovery from infections.
Also known as: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii
Every published result for this pair, extracted and audited.
These charts group published studies by what they reported and how they were run — green marks studies that reported a benefit for this pairing. Tiers run from pooled analyses of many trials (strongest) to one-off observational reports.
Direction of reported outcomes for Probiotics in immune support.
Study designs behind these findings.
Every measured outcome, one row per finding - numbers exactly as reported.
| Study | Design | n | Duration | Outcome measured | Reported result | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PMID 34143954 2021 | Randomised trial | - | first months of life | immunoregulatory galectin-1 | reported qualitatively | Benefit |
| PMID 34143954 2021 | Randomised trial | - | first months of life | interferon beta (IFN-beta) | reported qualitatively | Benefit |
| PMID 34143954 2021 | Randomised trial | - | first months of life | intestinal T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 cytokines | reported qualitatively | Benefit |
Hand-selected PubMed studies, linked to the originals.
Ordered by strength of evidence, then result direction.
01Comparison of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies for muscle invasive bladder cancer: A network meta-analysisPetrelli F, et al. · Urologic oncology · 2026PMID 40935764 ↗02Clinical benefits and risks of high-dose intravenous vitamin C: a systematic reviewAlangari A, et al. · Journal of medicine and life · 2026PMID 41815850 ↗03Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children 2026Weiss SL, et al. · Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2026PMID 41869844 ↗04Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children 2026Weiss SL, et al. · Intensive care medicine · 2026PMID 41870559 ↗Be the first to share what you noticed with Probiotics for immune support. How we calculate this.