Understand what people are taking.

Diastolic blood pressure

Spirulina improved Diastolic blood pressure (-0.42; 95% CI: -0.81 to -0.02; p = 0.04) with no comparator reported in 101 to 299. (95% CI: -0.81 to -0.02; p = 0.04)Benefit seen

-0.42

101 to 299

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

Lipemia

Chlorella did not significantly improve Lipemia with no comparator reported in 168 to 279.No clear benefit

no number reported

168 to 279

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

Lipemia indexes

Spirulina did not significantly improve Lipemia indexes with no comparator reported in 101 to 299.No clear benefit

no number reported

101 to 299

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

Total cholesterol

Spirulina did not significantly improve Total cholesterol (-0.17; 95% CI: -0.39 to 0.06; p = 0.15) with no comparator reported in 101 to 299. (95% CI: -0.39 to 0.06; p = 0.15)No clear benefit

-0.17

101 to 299

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

BMI

Spirulina improved BMI (-0.58 kg/m²; P = 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P = 0.001)Benefit seen

-0.58 kg/m²

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

DBP

Spirulina improved DBP (-3.09 mmHg; P < 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P < 0.001)Benefit seen

-3.09 mmHg

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

FBG

Spirulina improved FBG (-5.51 (mg/dl); P = 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P = 0.001)Benefit seen

-5.51 (mg/dl)

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

HDL-C

Spirulina improved HDL-C (1.9 (mg/dl); P < 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P < 0.001)Benefit seen

1.9 (mg/dl)

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

HOMA-IR

Spirulina improved HOMA-IR (-0.68; P < 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P < 0.001)Benefit seen

-0.68

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

hs-CRP

Spirulina improved hs-CRP (-0.86 mg/L; P = 0.002) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P = 0.002)Benefit seen

-0.86 mg/L

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

IL-6

Spirulina improved IL-6 (-0.58 pg/ml; P < 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P < 0.001)Benefit seen

-0.58 pg/ml

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

insulin

Spirulina improved insulin (-0.86 (ng/ml); P = 0.002) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P = 0.002)Benefit seen

-0.86 (ng/ml)

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

LDL-C

Spirulina improved LDL-C (-7.69 (mg/dl); P < 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P < 0.001)Benefit seen

-7.69 (mg/dl)

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

SBP

Spirulina improved SBP (-3.85 mmHg; P = 0.002) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P = 0.002)Benefit seen

-3.85 mmHg

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

Spirulina improved TC (-11.5 (mg/dl); P < 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P < 0.001)Benefit seen

-11.5 (mg/dl)

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

Spirulina improved TG (-14.75 (mg/dl); P < 0.001) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P < 0.001)Benefit seen

-14.75 (mg/dl)

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

TNF-α

Spirulina improved TNF-α (-0.46 pg/ml; P = 0.01) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P = 0.01)Benefit seen

-0.46 pg/ml

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

weight

Spirulina improved weight (-1.78 kg; P = 0.003) compared with placebo in 35 trials. (P = 0.003)Benefit seen

-1.78 kg

35 trials

—

Meta-analysis · 2025

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Arthrospira (Spirulina) improved fasting blood sugar (FBS) ((0.63- 2.90-) 1.77-) with no comparator reported.Benefit seen

(0.63- 2.90-) 1.77-

—

Meta-analysis · 2022

glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C)

Arthrospira (Spirulina) did not significantly improve glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) ((1.04 ، 2.23-) 0.59-) with no comparator reported; the difference versus the comparator was not statistically established.No clear benefit

(1.04 ، 2.23-) 0.59-

—

Meta-analysis · 2022

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

Arthrospira (Spirulina) improved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ((3.86 ، 0.67) 2.27) with no comparator reported.Benefit seen

(3.86 ، 0.67) 2.27

—

Meta-analysis · 2022

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)

Arthrospira (Spirulina) did not significantly improve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with no comparator reported; the difference versus the comparator was not statistically established.No clear benefit

no number reported

—

Meta-analysis · 2022

total cholesterol (TC)

Arthrospira (Spirulina) improved total cholesterol (TC) ((0.46- ، 4.61-) 2.54-) with no comparator reported.Benefit seen

(0.46- ، 4.61-) 2.54-

—

Meta-analysis · 2022

triglycerides (TG)

Arthrospira (Spirulina) improved triglycerides (TG) ((0.89- ، 6.54-) 3.71-) with no comparator reported.Benefit seen

(0.89- ، 6.54-) 3.71-

—

Meta-analysis · 2022

fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Spirulina improved fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-10.31; 95% confidence interval, CI [-16.21, -4.42]) with no comparator reported. (95% confidence interval, CI [-16.21, -4.42])Benefit seen

-10.31

—

Meta-analysis · 2019

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

Spirulina improved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.42; 95% CI [0.16, 2.68]) with no comparator reported. (95% CI [0.16, 2.68])Benefit seen

1.42

—

Meta-analysis · 2019

insulin concentrations

Spirulina improved insulin concentrations (-0.53; 95% CI [-0.62, -0.44]) with no comparator reported. (95% CI [-0.62, -0.44])Benefit seen

-0.53

—

Meta-analysis · 2019

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)

Spirulina improved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-19.02; 95% CI [-36.27, -1.78]) with no comparator reported. (95% CI [-36.27, -1.78])Benefit seen

-19.02

—

Meta-analysis · 2019

total cholesterol

Spirulina improved total cholesterol (-20.50; 95% CI [-38.25, -2.74]) with no comparator reported. (95% CI [-38.25, -2.74])Benefit seen

-20.50

—

Meta-analysis · 2019

very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)

Spirulina improved very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (-6.72; 95% CI [-9.19, -4.26]) with no comparator reported. (95% CI [-9.19, -4.26])Benefit seen

-6.72

—

Meta-analysis · 2019

FBS

Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) improved FBS (↓ 24.94 mg/dL; p < 001) compared with placebo in Sixty (three months). (p < 001)Benefit seen

↓ 24.94 mg/dL

Sixty

three months

RCT · 2023

HbA1c

Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) improved HbA1c (↓1.43; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in Sixty (three months). (p < 0.001)Benefit seen

↓1.43

Sixty

three months

RCT · 2023

HDL-C

Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) improved HDL-C (↑3 mg/dL; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in Sixty (three months). (p < 0.001)Benefit seen

↑3 mg/dL

Sixty

three months

RCT · 2023

LDL-C

Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) improved LDL-C (↓38.4 mg/dL; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in Sixty (three months). (p < 0.001)Benefit seen

↓38.4 mg/dL

Sixty

three months

RCT · 2023

Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) improved TG (p < 0.001) compared with placebo in Sixty (three months). (p < 0.001)Benefit seen

no number reported

Sixty

three months

RCT · 2023

Total cholesterol (TC)

Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) improved Total cholesterol (TC) (↓41.36 mg/dL; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in Sixty (three months). (p < 0.001)Benefit seen

↓41.36 mg/dL

Sixty

three months

RCT · 2023

Outcome measured	What trials found	Effect size	People studied	Duration	Type of evidence	Study
HDL-C	Spirulina supplementation improved HDL-C (0.3; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.6, P<0.05) with no comparator reported in 1076. (95% CI: 0.0, 0.6, P<0.05)Benefit seen	0.3	1076	—	Meta-analysis · 2023	PMID 37263369
LDL-C	Spirulina supplementation improved LDL-C (-0.6; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05) with no comparator reported in 1076. (95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05)Benefit seen	-0.6	1076	—	Meta-analysis · 2023	PMID 37263369
TC	Spirulina supplementation improved TC (-0.6; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05) with no comparator reported in 1076. (95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05)Benefit seen	-0.6	1076	—	Meta-analysis · 2023	PMID 37263369
TG	Spirulina supplementation improved TG (-0.6; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05) with no comparator reported in 1076. (95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05)Benefit seen	-0.6	1076	—	Meta-analysis · 2023	PMID 37263369
HDL-C	Spirulina supplementation improved HDL-C (6.06 mg/dL; 95% CI: 2.37-9.76, p = 0.001) with no comparator reported. (95% CI: 2.37-9.76, p = 0.001)Benefit seen	6.06 mg/dL	—	—	Meta-analysis · 2016	PMID 26433766
LDL-C	Spirulina supplementation improved LDL-C (-41.32 mg/dL; 95% CI: -60.62 to -22.03, p < 0.001) with no comparator reported. (95% CI: -60.62 to -22.03, p < 0.001)Benefit seen	-41.32 mg/dL	—	—	Meta-analysis · 2016	PMID 26433766
total cholesterol	Spirulina supplementation improved total cholesterol (-46.76 mg/dL; 95% CI: -67.31 to -26.22, p < 0.001) with no comparator reported. (95% CI: -67.31 to -26.22, p < 0.001)Benefit seen	-46.76 mg/dL	—	—	Meta-analysis · 2016	PMID 26433766
triglycerides	Spirulina supplementation improved triglycerides (-44.23 mg/dL; 95% CI: -50.22 to -38.24, p < 0.001) with no comparator reported. (95% CI: -50.22 to -38.24, p < 0.001)Benefit seen	-44.23 mg/dL	—	—	Meta-analysis · 2016	PMID 26433766
HDL-cholesterol	Arthrospira liquid extract 'Spirulysat®' improved HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.031) compared with placebo in 40 (twelve weeks). (p = 0.031)Benefit seen	no number reported	40	twelve weeks	RCT · 2022	PMID 35877734
oxLDL/total cholesterol ratio	Arthrospira liquid extract 'Spirulysat®' did not significantly improve oxLDL/total cholesterol ratio (p = 0.36) compared with placebo; the difference versus placebo was not statistically established in 40 (twelve weeks). (p = 0.36)No clear benefit	no number reported	40	twelve weeks	RCT · 2022	PMID 35877734
Plasma triglycerides	Arthrospira liquid extract 'Spirulysat®' improved Plasma triglycerides (p = 0.003) compared with placebo in 40 (twelve weeks). (p = 0.003)Benefit seen	no number reported	40	twelve weeks	RCT · 2022	PMID 35877734
Urinary isoprostanes concentration	Arthrospira liquid extract 'Spirulysat®' improved Urinary isoprostanes concentration (p = 0.014) compared with placebo in 40 (twelve weeks). (p = 0.014)Benefit seen	no number reported	40	twelve weeks	RCT · 2022	PMID 35877734
diastolic blood pressure	Spirulina dressing improved diastolic blood pressure (.03) compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen	.03	48	8 weeks	RCT · 2021	PMID 34542204
hs-CRP	Spirulina dressing did not significantly improve hs-CRP compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).No clear benefit	no number reported	48	8 weeks	RCT · 2021	PMID 34542204
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels	Spirulina dressing improved low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen	no number reported	48	8 weeks	RCT · 2021	PMID 34542204
serum triglyceride	Spirulina dressing improved serum triglyceride (.01) compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen	.01	48	8 weeks	RCT · 2021	PMID 34542204
systolic blood pressure	Spirulina dressing improved systolic blood pressure (.02) compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen	.02	48	8 weeks	RCT · 2021	PMID 34542204
TAC	Spirulina dressing did not significantly improve TAC compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).No clear benefit	no number reported	48	8 weeks	RCT · 2021	PMID 34542204
total cholesterol	Spirulina dressing improved total cholesterol compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen	no number reported	48	8 weeks	RCT · 2021	PMID 34542204

Outcome measured

What trials found

Effect size

People studied

Duration

Type of evidence

Study

HDL-C

Spirulina supplementation improved HDL-C (0.3; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.6, P<0.05) with no comparator reported in 1076. (95% CI: 0.0, 0.6, P<0.05)Benefit seen

0.3

1076

—

Meta-analysis · 2023

LDL-C

Spirulina supplementation improved LDL-C (-0.6; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05) with no comparator reported in 1076. (95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05)Benefit seen

-0.6

1076

—

Meta-analysis · 2023

Spirulina supplementation improved TC (-0.6; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05) with no comparator reported in 1076. (95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05)Benefit seen

-0.6

1076

—

Meta-analysis · 2023

Spirulina supplementation improved TG (-0.6; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05) with no comparator reported in 1076. (95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P<0.05)Benefit seen

-0.6

1076

—

Meta-analysis · 2023

HDL-C

Spirulina supplementation improved HDL-C (6.06 mg/dL; 95% CI: 2.37-9.76, p = 0.001) with no comparator reported. (95% CI: 2.37-9.76, p = 0.001)Benefit seen

6.06 mg/dL

—

Meta-analysis · 2016

LDL-C

Spirulina supplementation improved LDL-C (-41.32 mg/dL; 95% CI: -60.62 to -22.03, p < 0.001) with no comparator reported. (95% CI: -60.62 to -22.03, p < 0.001)Benefit seen

-41.32 mg/dL

—

Meta-analysis · 2016

total cholesterol

Spirulina supplementation improved total cholesterol (-46.76 mg/dL; 95% CI: -67.31 to -26.22, p < 0.001) with no comparator reported. (95% CI: -67.31 to -26.22, p < 0.001)Benefit seen

-46.76 mg/dL

—

Meta-analysis · 2016

triglycerides

Spirulina supplementation improved triglycerides (-44.23 mg/dL; 95% CI: -50.22 to -38.24, p < 0.001) with no comparator reported. (95% CI: -50.22 to -38.24, p < 0.001)Benefit seen

-44.23 mg/dL

—

Meta-analysis · 2016

HDL-cholesterol

Arthrospira liquid extract 'Spirulysat®' improved HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.031) compared with placebo in 40 (twelve weeks). (p = 0.031)Benefit seen

no number reported

twelve weeks

RCT · 2022

oxLDL/total cholesterol ratio

Arthrospira liquid extract 'Spirulysat®' did not significantly improve oxLDL/total cholesterol ratio (p = 0.36) compared with placebo; the difference versus placebo was not statistically established in 40 (twelve weeks). (p = 0.36)No clear benefit

no number reported

twelve weeks

RCT · 2022

Plasma triglycerides

Arthrospira liquid extract 'Spirulysat®' improved Plasma triglycerides (p = 0.003) compared with placebo in 40 (twelve weeks). (p = 0.003)Benefit seen

no number reported

twelve weeks

RCT · 2022

Urinary isoprostanes concentration

Arthrospira liquid extract 'Spirulysat®' improved Urinary isoprostanes concentration (p = 0.014) compared with placebo in 40 (twelve weeks). (p = 0.014)Benefit seen

no number reported

twelve weeks

RCT · 2022

diastolic blood pressure

Spirulina dressing improved diastolic blood pressure (.03) compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen

.03

8 weeks

RCT · 2021

hs-CRP

Spirulina dressing did not significantly improve hs-CRP compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).No clear benefit

no number reported

8 weeks

RCT · 2021

low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels

Spirulina dressing improved low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen

no number reported

8 weeks

RCT · 2021

serum triglyceride

Spirulina dressing improved serum triglyceride (.01) compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen

.01

8 weeks

RCT · 2021

systolic blood pressure

Spirulina dressing improved systolic blood pressure (.02) compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen

.02

8 weeks

RCT · 2021

TAC

Spirulina dressing did not significantly improve TAC compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).No clear benefit

no number reported

8 weeks

RCT · 2021

total cholesterol

Spirulina dressing improved total cholesterol compared with placebo in 48 (8 weeks).Benefit seen

no number reported

8 weeks

RCT · 2021

Outcome measured	What trials found	Effect size	People studied	Duration	Type of evidence	Study
fasting blood glucose concentration	Spirulina platensis improved fasting blood glucose concentration compared with standard care and local balanced diet without S. platenis (12 months).Benefit seen	no number reported	—	12 months	RCT · 2015	PMID 26195001
haemoglobin level	Spirulina platensis improved haemoglobin level compared with standard care and local balanced diet without S. platenis.Benefit seen	no number reported	—	—	RCT · 2015	PMID 26195001
viral load levels	Spirulina platensis improved viral load levels (74.7×10(3)-30.87×10(3) copies/mL) compared with standard care and local balanced diet without S. platenis in 169 (12 months).Benefit seen	74.7×10(3)-30.87×10(3) copies/mL	169	12 months	RCT · 2015	PMID 26195001
CD4 T-cells	Arthrospira platensis capsules did not significantly improve CD4 T-cells compared with placebo in 73 (three-month).No clear benefit	no number reported	73	three-month	RCT · 2014	PMID 25057105
creatinine level	Arthrospira platensis capsules showed harm (adverse effect) on creatinine level (0.1 g/dL; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in 73 (three-month). (p < 0.001)Possible harm	0.1 g/dL	73	three-month	RCT · 2014	PMID 25057105
immune activation by CD8 T-cells expressing CD38	Arthrospira platensis capsules did not significantly improve immune activation by CD8 T-cells expressing CD38 compared with placebo in 73 (three-month).No clear benefit	no number reported	73	three-month	RCT · 2014	PMID 25057105
total antioxidant capacity of the serum (TAOS)	Arthrospira platensis capsules improved total antioxidant capacity of the serum (TAOS) (56 (1-98) µM; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in 73 (three-month). (p < 0.001)Benefit seen	56 (1-98) µM	73	three-month	RCT · 2014	PMID 25057105
urea levels	Arthrospira platensis capsules did not significantly improve urea levels compared with placebo in 73 (three-month).No clear benefit	no number reported	73	three-month	RCT · 2014	PMID 25057105
viral load	Arthrospira platensis capsules did not significantly improve viral load compared with placebo in 73 (three-month).No clear benefit	no number reported	73	three-month	RCT · 2014	PMID 25057105
weight increase	Arthrospira platensis capsules showed an unclear effect on weight increase (0.5 kg; p < 0.05; 0.65 kg; p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 73 (three-month). (p < 0.05; p < 0.05)Unclear	0.5 kg	73	three-month	RCT · 2014	PMID 25057105
IL-6 concentration	Spirulina improved IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen	no number reported	78	16 consecutive weeks	RCT · 2008	PMID 18714150
plasma cholesterol	Spirulina improved plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen	no number reported	78	16 consecutive weeks	RCT · 2008	PMID 18714150
plasma interleukin (IL)-2 concentration	Spirulina improved plasma interleukin (IL)-2 concentration (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen	no number reported	78	16 consecutive weeks	RCT · 2008	PMID 18714150
superoxide dismutase activity	Spirulina improved superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen	no number reported	78	16 consecutive weeks	RCT · 2008	PMID 18714150
total antioxidant status	Spirulina improved total antioxidant status (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen	no number reported	78	16 consecutive weeks	RCT · 2008	PMID 18714150

Outcome measured

What trials found

Effect size

People studied

Duration

Type of evidence

Study

fasting blood glucose concentration

Spirulina platensis improved fasting blood glucose concentration compared with standard care and local balanced diet without S. platenis (12 months).Benefit seen

no number reported

—

12 months

RCT · 2015

PMID 26195001

haemoglobin level

Spirulina platensis improved haemoglobin level compared with standard care and local balanced diet without S. platenis.Benefit seen

no number reported

—

RCT · 2015

PMID 26195001

viral load levels

Spirulina platensis improved viral load levels (74.7×10(3)-30.87×10(3) copies/mL) compared with standard care and local balanced diet without S. platenis in 169 (12 months).Benefit seen

74.7×10(3)-30.87×10(3) copies/mL

169

12 months

RCT · 2015

PMID 26195001

CD4 T-cells

Arthrospira platensis capsules did not significantly improve CD4 T-cells compared with placebo in 73 (three-month).No clear benefit

no number reported

three-month

RCT · 2014

creatinine level

Arthrospira platensis capsules showed harm (adverse effect) on creatinine level (0.1 g/dL; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in 73 (three-month). (p < 0.001)Possible harm

0.1 g/dL

three-month

RCT · 2014

immune activation by CD8 T-cells expressing CD38

Arthrospira platensis capsules did not significantly improve immune activation by CD8 T-cells expressing CD38 compared with placebo in 73 (three-month).No clear benefit

no number reported

three-month

RCT · 2014

total antioxidant capacity of the serum (TAOS)

Arthrospira platensis capsules improved total antioxidant capacity of the serum (TAOS) (56 (1-98) µM; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in 73 (three-month). (p < 0.001)Benefit seen

56 (1-98) µM

three-month

RCT · 2014

urea levels

Arthrospira platensis capsules did not significantly improve urea levels compared with placebo in 73 (three-month).No clear benefit

no number reported

three-month

RCT · 2014

viral load

Arthrospira platensis capsules did not significantly improve viral load compared with placebo in 73 (three-month).No clear benefit

no number reported

three-month

RCT · 2014

weight increase

Arthrospira platensis capsules showed an unclear effect on weight increase (0.5 kg; p < 0.05; 0.65 kg; p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 73 (three-month). (p < 0.05; p < 0.05)Unclear

0.5 kg

three-month

RCT · 2014

IL-6 concentration

Spirulina improved IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen

no number reported

16 consecutive weeks

RCT · 2008

plasma cholesterol

Spirulina improved plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen

no number reported

16 consecutive weeks

RCT · 2008

plasma interleukin (IL)-2 concentration

Spirulina improved plasma interleukin (IL)-2 concentration (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen

no number reported

16 consecutive weeks

RCT · 2008

superoxide dismutase activity

Spirulina improved superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen

no number reported

16 consecutive weeks

RCT · 2008

total antioxidant status

Spirulina improved total antioxidant status (p < 0.05) compared with placebo in 78 (16 consecutive weeks). (p < 0.05)Benefit seen

no number reported

16 consecutive weeks

RCT · 2008