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Hormone released by the pineal gland in response to darkness that signals circadian phase to the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus; low-dose supplementation can shorten time to fall asleep and ease jet lag.
Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or poor sleep quality. Insomnia affects ~30% of adults.
Also known as: N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
Every published result for this pair, extracted and audited.
These charts group published studies by what they reported and how they were run — green marks studies that reported a benefit for this pairing. Tiers run from pooled analyses of many trials (strongest) to one-off observational reports.
Direction of reported outcomes for Melatonin in sleep issues.
Study designs behind these findings.
Every measured outcome, one row per finding - numbers exactly as reported.
| Study | Design | n | Duration | Outcome measured | Reported result | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PMID 37429996 2023 | Systematic review | - | 2 weeks and 12 months | cognitive outcomes | reported qualitatively | Benefit |
| PMID 37429996 2023 | Systematic review | - | 2 weeks and 12 months | fatigue | reported qualitatively | Benefit |
| PMID 37429996 2023 | Systematic review | - | 2 weeks and 12 months | safety | reported qualitatively | No benefit |
| PMID 37429996 2023 | Systematic review | - | 2 weeks and 12 months | sleep conditions | reported qualitatively | Benefit |
| PMID 32112261 2020 | Meta-analysis | - | - | sleep duration | 44 min (Hedge's g 1.07 [95% CI 0.49-1.65]) | Benefit |
| PMID 32112261 2020 | Meta-analysis | - | - | sleep efficiency | 5.59 (95% CI 0.87-10.31, P=0.02) | Benefit |
| PMID 32112261 2020 | Meta-analysis | - | - | sleep-onset latency | -18.31 min (95% CI -30.84 to -5.77, P=0.004) | Benefit |
| PMID 32112261 2020 | Meta-analysis | - | - | sleep-onset latency | 39 min (Hedge's g -2.46 [95% CI -1.96 to -2.98]) | Benefit |
| PMID 32112261 2020 | Meta-analysis | - | - | total sleep time | 24.41 min (95% CI 5.71-43.11, P=0.01) | Benefit |
Hand-selected PubMed studies, linked to the originals.
Ordered by strength of evidence, then result direction.
01The effects of oral cannabidiol supplementation on blood pressure in adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trialsRoberts A, et al. · Journal of cannabis research · 2026PMID 42321899 ↗02Dysregulation of melatonin rhythm in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysisSuram RP, et al. · Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025PMID 41143249 ↗03Effects of Dietary Supplementation in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Systematic ReviewGonzález-Parejo P, et al. · Nutrients · 2024PMID 39064758 ↗04Sleep disturbances and female infertility: a systematic reviewLi J, et al. · BMC women's health · 2024PMID 39707272 ↗05The Role of Magnesium in Sleep Health: a Systematic Review of Available LiteratureBe the first to share what you noticed with Melatonin for sleep issues. How we calculate this.